Hubble showed at high resolution that about half of the young stars in the Orion Nebula are surrounded by gas and dust structures, many of them discs. Hubble has pushed back the observational boundaries of the Universe. Coordinating with other observatories, Hubble has taken long exposures of small regions of sky, to bring out the most distant and most ancient galaxies.
They are so blue they must be deficient in heavy elements, thus representing a population with primordial characteristics. Spacecraft At the heart of HST is a 2. It has three cameras, two spectrographs and a set of Fine Guidance Sensors that allow Hubble to accurately point to targets on the sky. HST was placed in a low orbit, designed to be serviced in space by astronauts on the Space Shuttle, allowing instruments to be replaced as technology improved, and observatory subsystems to be repaired and modernised.
Two solar wings provide power for the computers and scientific instruments and charge six nickel-hydrogen batteries to power the spacecraft for about 25 minutes per orbit while it flies through Earth's shadow. Reaction wheels manoeuvre the telescope into place, and gyroscopes monitor its position.
Fine Guidance Sensor units lock onto guide stars ensuring the high pointing accuracy needed to make precise observations. The time taken for one orbit is between 96 and 97 minutes. American Lyman Spitzer proposed a space telescope in , lobbying for almost 30 years.
Funding began in and it was named after Edwin Hubble, who had discovered the expansion of the Universe in the s. Each instrument is designed to examine the universe in a different way. Hubble holds two main varieties of instruments: cameras, which capture Hubble's famed images, and spectrographs, which break light into colors for analysis.
These are not the only instruments that have flown aboard Hubble. The telescope was designed to be visited periodically by astronauts, who brought new instruments and technology, and made repairs from December to May During Servicing Mission 1 in December of , astronauts added corrective optics to compensate for the flaw.
Hubble is operated by commands from the ground. Several spacecraft systems are in place to keep Hubble functioning smoothly. Hubble performs in response to detailed instructions from people on the ground. The antennas allow technicians to communicate with the telescope, telling it what to do and when to do it. Four antennas receive and send information to a set of satellites, which in turn communicate with Earth. Hubble is powered by sunlight. There are two main computers.
One talks to the instruments, sends commands and other information, and transmits data; the other handles pointing control, gyroscopes and other system-wide functions. Hubble has blanket of multilayered insulation, which protects the telescope from temperature extremes.
Hubble uses a combination of gyroscopes, reaction wheels and Fine Guidance Sensors to orient itself. T he Hubble Space Telescope was designed to be delivered into orbit by the Space Shuttle and to be serviced periodically in space by Shuttle astronauts. T his full-size test vehicle was used from to at the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company in Sunnyvale, California, during the development of the Hubble Space Telescope.
It resembles the actual telescope in size and basic structure, but it is not intended for use in space. T he test vehicle has been refurbished twice. For an earlier exhibit, the Museum restored its configuration for structural dynamic tests. In thermal blankets, antennas, and other features were added to depict the telescope's appearance in space.
Reconstructed test vehicle transferred from Lockheed Missiles and Space Company.
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