Principles of red blood cell transfusion. Transfusion requirements in surgical oncology patients: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Domen RE. Blood Product Transfusions in the Hematologic Malignancies. Clinical Malignant Hematology. New York: McGraw-Hill; Perioperative blood transfusion in cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection: risk factors and impact on survival. Tech Coloproctol. Glaspy J. Disorders of blood cell production in clinical oncology.
A Compendium of Transfusion Practice Guidelines. Second Edition Transfusion indications for patients with cancer. Cancer Control. American Cancer Society medical information is copyrighted material. For reprint requests, please see our Content Usage Policy.
Download this topic [PDF]. Blood Transfusions for People with Cancer. Why people with cancer might need blood transfusions People with cancer might need blood transfusions because of the cancer itself. Blood cells are made in the bone marrow, the spongy center of certain bones. Cancers that start in the bone marrow like leukemias or cancers that spread there from other places may crowd out normal blood-making cells, leading to low blood counts.
People who have had cancer for some time may develop something called anemia of chronic disease. This anemia is caused by certain long-term medical conditions that affect the production and lifespan of red blood cells. Cancer can also lower blood counts by affecting organs such as the kidneys and spleen, which help keep enough cells in the blood. Cancer treatments may also lead to the need for blood transfusions: Surgery to treat cancer may lead to blood loss and a need for red blood cell or platelet transfusions.
Most chemotherapy drugs affect cells in the bone marrow. This commonly leads to low blood cell counts, and can sometimes put a person at risk for life-threatening infections or bleeding.
When radiation is used to treat a large area of the bones, it can affect the bone marrow and lead to low blood cell counts. This destroys the blood-making cells in the bone marrow. These patients often have very low blood cell counts after the procedure and need transfusions. Also learn how to find your blood…. Donating blood comes with a few restrictions, including if you have herpes. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect.
Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph. What to expect during the process. When will you start to feel the effects of a blood transfusion? How long do transfusion treatments last? Read this next. Transfusion Therapy. Medically reviewed by Carissa Stephens, R.
Transfusion Reactions. Medically reviewed by University of Illinois. Exchange Transfusion. Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph. What Is PRP? Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M. These larger cells help the body fight infection. And your blood contains cells even smaller than red blood cells called platelets. These help the blood clot. Proteins called clotting factors also help your blood clot. Whole blood refers to blood with all these parts. Most of the time, a blood transfusion is done with only part of the blood.
You might be given one or more of these blood parts based on your needs. These types refer to molecules called antigens on the surfaces of blood cells. Rh factor is another type of antigen. Blood is either Rh positive or Rh negative. If a person gets the wrong type of blood, his or her immune system will react to it. This is a serious condition that can cause severe symptoms such as fever, muscles aches, and trouble breathing.
It can sometimes be fatal. These people can donate blood to anyone, and are known as universal donors. Different medical problems may need different types of blood transfusions. For example, after surgery you may need just RBCs. You might need plasma if you have a severe infection.
A person being treated for cancer may need platelets. Your healthcare provider can tell you why you need a blood transfusion, and which type is best for you. An allergic reaction.
This can be mild or severe. Mild symptoms can include itching or rash. Severe symptoms can include trouble breathing, chest pain, or nausea. These symptoms may start soon after your blood transfusion or within the next 24 hours. This can happen within a day of the blood transfusion. If the person has anemia due to a chronic illness, such as kidney disease or cancer, they may already have a device that provides long-term or permanent access to a vein.
In this case, the person does not need a new IV insertion every time they have a transfusion. The doctor will monitor closely for signs of an adverse reaction, especially during the first 15 minutes of the transfusion. However, a reaction can appear up to several weeks afterward. Some signs of an adverse reaction include :. When the transfusion is complete, the doctor removes the IV line.
The person may notice bruising or discomfort for a few days at the site of the IV. A person may need a blood transfusion if they lose blood due to an injury, surgery, or childbirth. People may also need transfusions if they have a medical condition that prevents their blood from functioning effectively. A transfusion can take 1—4 hours. Some people notice improvement right away.
For others, the benefits may take time to appear. How long this takes, and how long the improvement lasts depends on the person and their reason for needing a transfusion. Seeing blood in sputum or mucus can be worrying, but it is usually not a cause for concern.
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